Posts Tagged ‘mental illness’

Latest list of mental disorders leaves a bad taste in one’s mouth

Thursday, January 26th, 2012

The StarPhoenix January 26, 2012

by Les MacPherson

 It has come to my attention that I am mentally ill.

I always knew I was neurotic – who isn’t? – but it still comes as something of a surprise to learn that I am suffering from an actual mental illness. Others, perhaps, will not be surprised in the least.

The particular mental illness that afflicts me was added only recently to the so-called Bible of psychiatry, otherwise known as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This is the big reference book that officially catalogues all the mental illnesses recognized by modern psychiatry. The latest edition is nearly 1,000 pages. You would have to be almost pathologically normal to find nothing in there that applies to you.

Qualifying as entirely sane does not get any easier when new disorders are regularly added to the already voluminous manual. The goalposts of sanity now have been moved so close together that I can no longer squeeze through.

What afflicts me is one of the latest additions proposed for the diagnostic manual, something called avoidant/ restrictive food intake disorder, or ARFID. Until recently, people suffering from this disorder were dismissed as picky eaters. Now, we suddenly are sick and need help.

ARFID is defined as an “eating or feeding disturbance” that includes avoiding foods of a particular taste, colour or texture. That’s exactly what I do. I avoid foods if the taste is bad, if the texture is lumpy or slimy and if the colour is grey, green or mottled beige. If this makes me mentally ill, I plead not hungry by reason of insanity.

Consider oatmeal, for example, a slimy, lumpy, grey food I have always found unspeakably horrible. I always thought it was the people who liked oatmeal who were mentally ill. And yet it clearly is not them but me whose symptoms are to be described in psychiatry’s foremost diagnostic textbook. Well, I don’t care what the doctors say, I still hate oatmeal.

I hate liver, too. If there was a religion that forbade eating liver, I would sign on as a missionary: Eat not of the liver, for it is an unclean thing, and also slimy, with a putrid taste and disgusting appearance. Whosoever filleth his mouth with liver, whether cooked with bacon or not, shall be cast into the fiery pit, along with some fried onions.

This is somewhat by the way, but notice how easily mental illness is repurposed as theology. It goes the other way, too, when the mentally ill are afflicted with religious delusions. I have never heard of a mentally ill person yet who thought he was a newspaper columnist, incidentally, except, of course, for those who really are newspaper columnists.

If it was just liver and oatmeal that provoked my involuntary gag reflex, I probably would not need professional help. There are many other foods, however, that I would rather wrap in a napkin and secretly slip into my pocket than eat. Among them are broccoli, spinach and all organ meats except the baloney. Heart, lungs or tongue will be scraped off my plate untouched, but I do like a thin slice of baloney, in a sandwich with lettuce and a little mustard.

I also cannot eat anything smothered in cream sauce. Any food that could possibly be improved by immersion in cream sauce I would dispose of as hazardous waste.

Asparagus likewise disgusts me. Fish, too, I mostly find off-putting. It doesn’t help when I am told that this particular fish dish has no fishy taste. Why would anyone want to eat something that is not supposed to taste like what it is? I wouldn’t eat beef, either, if the best that could be said of it was that it had no beefy taste. And I’m supposed to be the crazy one?

Now that picky eating is to be regarded as a mental illness, we can perhaps look forward to a cure. The big pharmaceutical companies probably are working even now on new drugs to treat the disorder. Imagine a pill that could make me like liver.

I’d spit it out when no one was looking.

http://www.thestarphoenix.com/health/Latest+list+mental+disorders+leaves+taste+mouth/6052784/story.html

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J&J drug protocols cost taxpayers millions—Lawsuit claims Investigator fired after going public on J&J’s anti-psychotic drug campaign

Tuesday, November 22nd, 2011

The Daily Record, by Michael L. Diamond
November 22, 2011

Allen Jones was curious.

Why did Pennsylvania use a computer program that often pointed to a Johnson & Johnson drug over other, cheaper medicine to treat certain mental illnesses, the investigator for the Keystone State’s Office of Inspector General wanted to know (article continued below video)

Video: Whistleblower Allen Jones on pharmaceutical ties to nation wide efforts to screen children for ‘mental disorders’

(Cont…) While the computer program mandated doctors use a new line of anti-psychotic drugs, including Risperdal, sold by J&J’s subsidiary Janssen companies, Jones said he couldn’t find government-funded medical studies showing that these new drugs were any more effective than their generic predecessors.

Jones’ 2002 inquiry into the drug added to a chain of events that ultimately led Texas to sue New Jersey-based health care giant Johnson & Johnson on claims it orchestrated a multimillion-dollar violation of the Texas Medicaid Fraud Prevention Act.

Jones said in an interview that it was his belief that the company “substituted opinion for science.”

Johnson & Johnson’s sales strategy turned Risperdal, a drug approved by the FDA to treat only schizophrenia and bipolar disease, into a blockbuster that the company sold for those illnesses and, unlawfully, many more, according to the Texas lawsuit.

Risperdal cost substantially more than older, generic drugs and generated more than $25 billion for the company before its patent expired in 2007, according to court records. But the drug often was no more effective at treating mental disorders than older drugs, the National Institute of Mental Health found. Because Medicare and Medicaid paid many of the bills, it cost taxpayers millions, according to federal and state lawsuits.

Twelve states, including Pennsylvania and Texas, have sued Janssen to recover some of the money they spent on Risperdal. South Carolina and Louisiana each were awarded more than $250 million last year. The case brought by Pennsylvania, where Jones first made his discovery, was dismissed in June 2010 after a state judge ruled prosecutors didn’t provide enough evidence. West Virginia lost its case on appeal. The cases in Louisiana and Pennsylvania have been appealed. The company said it intends to appeal the case in South Carolina. Texas and the seven remaining cases are awaiting trial.

The U.S. Justice Department also is investigating the marketing of Risperdal. J&J said in an August filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission that it is negotiating a settlement and has agreed, “in principal,” to plead guilty to a misdemeanor for violating the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. No plea has been made yet.

New Jersey hasn’t filed a lawsuit. It isn’t clear how much the state spent on Risperdal in the last 10 years. New Jersey’s Division of Medical Assistance and Health Services refused to provide the information unless the Asbury Park Press paid a $5,071 processing fee. The Press declined to pay the fee.

The Risperdal legal dispute is an example of a problem that is endemic in the pharmaceutical industry, some doctors say. Government-funded studies about the drug’s effectiveness weren’t published until more than a decade after the drug was first approved.

In the case of Risperdal, “we’re spending money on a drug that isn’t superior and might be inferior to other drugs that cost a fraction as much,” said Dr. John David Abramson, a health care policy expert at Harvard University and author of “Overdosed America,” who investigated the drug for Louisiana’s lawsuit.

“It ought to make honest citizens … want to throw up to see that this money is being extracted from society for no gain, when our country is headed toward financial ruin,” Abramson said.

Whistle-blower fired

Allen Jones, the Pennsylvania investigator, was fired in 2004 after going public with his claims, but he continued to investigate, eventually becoming a plaintiff and whistle-blower in a Texas state lawsuit against Janssen. That trial is scheduled to start Jan. 9.

Risperdal was approved by the FDA in 1993 to treat patients with schizophrenia and, a decade later, patients with bipolar disorder. Janssen, on its website, also says the drug can help treat some symptoms of autism in children and adolescents.

With it came the chance for Janssen to replace Haldol, an anti-psychotic drug that Belgian scientist Paul Janssen himself helped develop in the 1950s, just before Johnson & Johnson bought his company in 1961.

Older anti-psychotic drugs had been available in generic form for decades. Risperdal and a new generation of anti-psychotics came to market in the 1990s at a cost that far exceeded the older drugs, according to the Texas lawsuit.

J&J said Risperdal not only would be safer and more effective than the first generation of anti-psychotic drugs, but also could treat mental disorders other than schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, according to the Texas lawsuit.

Janssen’s medical studies weren’t conclusive enough for the FDA to claim Risperdal was more effective than either Haldol and its generic versions or the new anti-psychotic medicine on the market, the Texas lawsuit said.

Unable to tout Risperdal’s superiority, Janssen got the message to doctors anyway, according to legal documents and interviews. The methods included:

Middlemen. Johnson & Johnson teamed with Omnicare, the nation’s largest pharmacy manager for long-term care facilities, to ensure Omnicare’s pharmacists would recommend Johnson & Johnson’s drugs, according to a lawsuit against J&J filed in Massachusetts in 2010 by the U.S. Justice Department.

Omnicare cared for 1.4 million clients in 47 states. Its annual purchases of Johnson & Johnson drugs climbed from $100 million in 1999 to $280 million in 2004. And its purchases of Risperdal alone exceeded $100 million a year, according to the lawsuit.

The lawsuit claims J&J paid Omnicare tens of millions of dollars in grants, rebates, sponsorships and educational funding — payments that the federal government considered kickbacks.

A substantial portion of the prescriptions were paid by taxpayers through Medicaid, the government said. (Omnicare in 2009 agreed to pay $98 million and settle separate charges by the U.S. that it took kickbacks from J&J. The company didn’t admit wrongdoing).

Read the rest of the article here

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Those in favor of Psychiatry’s Billing Bible? The American Psychiatric Association. Against it? Just About Everyone else

Thursday, November 3rd, 2011

Click image to watch video (explaining in simple terms, what the “problem” with psychiatry is….)

Psychology Today – November 1, 2011

by Allen Frances, MD (Psychiatrist and former Chairman of the DSM task force)

So far, opposition to DSM 5 has been expressed by the following organizations: British Psychological Society; American Counseling Association; Society for Humanistic Psychology (APA Division 32); Society for Community Research and Action: Division of Community Psychology (APA Division 27); Society for Group Psychology & Psychotherapy (APA Division 49); Developmental Psychology (APA Division 7); UK Council for Psychotherapy; Association for Women in Psychology; Constructivist Psychology Network; Society for Descriptive Psychology; and the Society of Indian Psychologists.

An editorial by the Society Of Biological Psychiatrywondered whether DSM 5 was necessary at all. The community of personality disordersresearchers is virtually unanimous in its opposition to the DSM 5 personality disorders section. There has also been widespread opposition to the sections on somatic, autistic, gender, paraphilic, and psychotic disorders.

Last week, a petition was posted quietly be several divisions of the American Psychological Association. It demands reform of the DSM 5 process and the elimination of a number of its most risky and ill conceived proposals. The petition is gaining increasing support and has already been signed by almost 3000 people. It can be accessed at http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/dsm5/ )

Strikingly, there seems to be virtually no support for DSM 5 outside the very narrow circle of the several hundred experts who have created it and the leadership of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) which stands to reap large profits from its publication. There is no group and precious few individuals outside of APA who have anything good to say about DSM 5. And even within the DSM 5 work groups and the APA governance structures, there is widespread discontent with the process and considerable disagreement about the product.

http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/dsm5-in-distress/201111/dsm-5-against-everyone-else

 

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If I have mental illness, I want doctors to prove it

Wednesday, October 12th, 2011

The Irish Times, October 11, 2011
by John McCarthy

Click on image to read the Mental Health Declaration of Human Rights

I AM MAD, a proud member of the mad community. Of course, madness exists – it’s normal, it’s as old as mankind, and it’s in every family. But if I have a disease in my brain called “mental illness”, I want the doctors to prove it. The brain is the most complicated organ in the body, yet doctors diagnose mental illness just by looking at you, and then you are labelled for life.

I’ve been diagnosed with unipolar depression, bipolar or manic depression, dysphoric elation – whatever that’s supposed to be – and paranoia. I’ve been told that I have a chemical imbalance in my brain that shows I have a mental illness. Yet not one of these fellows even took my pulse. They did it by sitting looking at me and talking to me.

I had a breakdown as a consequence of my dysfunctional childhood and because my business was collapsing – the banks were hounding me and I owed thousands. I was locked up for a year. I attempted suicide when I was on my heaviest dose of medication – a mixture of 10 different drugs a day.

There’s no such thing as a sudden breakdown: the madness was like the San Andreas Fault within me, lying dormant and buried. It was like an emotional stroke, a stroke of the spirit rather than the brain. But stroke victims can recover and they aren’t permanently labelled as disabled.

Our mental health laws allow two psychiatrists to sign a piece of paper and lock you up for the rest of your life because you’ve been diagnosed with a mental health problem. It’s based on nothing more than opinion, and that’s part of the cruelty of the mental health system in this country. You can be incarcerated and force treated against your will.

Why try to define madness? We should stop defining. We are all individuals with individual lives, and people react differently to different life situations. But the pharmaceutical industry, working with psychiatrists, tries to mass treat the individual, putting everyone in the same box.

Of course, madness has a downside. I hated it, but my hate was for myself really. I lost the ability to receive love. I was a complete pain in the arse, but my wife and family never stopped loving me. Yet you can learn from being mad. In fact, it was one of the most constructive learning experiences of my life.

I learned how to receive love with confidence. I have learned how to be at peace with who I am.

How do you learn to receive love? Well, if someone says you look well today, you say thank you. That’s the first step, but when I was in my negative side, that felt as hard as climbing Everest.

The Murphy and Ryan reports quite clearly showed that when you give power and authority to one section of the community over another abuse is bound to follow.

Mad Pride Ireland brings out the stories of people who have been abused under this system.

Society has bought into this idea that the mad community is dangerous and to be feared. The nuns got away with the same kind of thing for years with “loose women”; they took the problem part of the community away and buried them.

But we need to be free to ask awkward questions, to challenge the ethos of power and control. There is an aura of fear around psychiatric units. If you’re hopeless and helpless, you’ll be embraced and looked after. If you start asking questions, if you speak out with strength, they don’t want to know. When I started questioning things, I was offered more medication and told I was developing paranoia.

With every Mad Pride event we open up a public playground; there are no protests, no speeches. We scan everyone for normality – clowns use rubber chicken “normality detectors” to check people for signs of normality – and no-one has passed that test yet. We had 17,000 people at our event in Cork, all rocking to the music on a beautiful summer’s day.

It’s all about showing that madness is an everyday occurrence that affects everyone, and it can be dealt with in an open, loving way, with no fear. Now key people are beginning to listen to us. It shows what you can do with no money but a bit of goodwill.

Today I am lying here with motor neurone disease. I prefer the old name for it – creeping paralysis. You lose the use of your limbs, the ability to swallow, you end up incontinent. It’s a relentless disease. But there’s an honesty about the way neurology approaches it. Neurologists admit they don’t know the cause or cure for it.

They have done every test under the sun, I’ve undergone the deepest brain scan imaging in the country. But they admit they don’t know where it comes from and there is no fix, no treatment. Yet a psychiatrist can diagnose you just by looking at you.

I am happy for the psychiatric diagnoses I have had to be scientifically tested. I have a suggestion: I will put myself forward for psychiatrists to carry out any test they wish to do, in public, and I will publish the results. I’m dying, so I have nothing to lose.

click image to read more

But no-one is ever going to get a diagnosis of mental illness out of science: you will only ever get a diagnosis based on an assessment of behaviour. There is no science behind this disease, yet we have given the power of law to this guesswork. How are they getting away with this?

http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/health/2011/1011/1224305573629.html

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Depression? Don’t believe it —Big Pharma has gained an ever greater hold over our mental & emotional lives

Friday, September 9th, 2011

The Brisbane Times, Australia – Spetember 9, 2011
by Lisa Appignanesi

"Over the last 40 years the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - the bible of the psychiatric professions - has spawned more and more diagnostic categories, "inventing" disorders along the way and radically reducing the range of what can be construed as normal or sane. Meanwhile Big Pharma, feeding its appetite for profits and ours for drugs, has gained an ever greater hold over our mental and emotional lives, medicalising normality."

In 2000 the World Health Organisation named depression as the fourth leading contributor to the global burden of disease and predicted that by 2020 it would rise to second place. I suppose WHO didn’t mean it to sound like a target to be aimed for, but we seem to be rising to the challenge in any case.

A new survey from the European College of Psychopharmacology, a meta-analysis of a mass of research, reports that a staggering 164.8 million Europeans – 38.2 per cent of the population – suffer from a mental disorder in any year.

As well as depression, this includes neural disorders such as dementia and Parkinson’s; childhood problems from ADHD to “conduct disorder”; and the leading anxiety disorders – everything from panic attacks to obsessive-compulsive disorder to shyness. The latest figures for Australia, from 2007, indicate that more than one in five people – 3.2 million – had suffered from anxiety, a mood disorder or substance abuse in the preceding 12 months; 2-3 per cent more were estimated to have been affected by other mental illnesses.

Depression and anxiety, they tell us, are disproportionately women’s ailments. Men, it seems, become alcoholics (another illness category) rather than depressives, particularly in eastern Europe.

Such reports are worrying. They may draw attention to a rising toll of human suffering, but they pinpoint the imperialising tendency of the mental health sector. Our ills and unhappiness are squeezed into a package labelled “disorder” and an ever-proliferating assortment of supposedly objective diagnostic categories. A cure is somehow promised, though it rarely seems to come, certainly not for everyone or for ever. In talking to the press or drafting press releases, researchers often extrapolate from their material in order to create good copy.

The notion that women are somehow more prone to mental illness often emerges. According to Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, one of the report’s authors, the reason women suffer nearly twice as much depression and anxiety disorders as men lies in the changing social pattern in which women take on work on top of marriage and children.

So stay home, ladies, and you’ll be as happy as apple pie; though in the 50s when we stayed home to bake it, the doctors gave us Miltown and Valium to help us take pain-free care of hubby and the young ones.

On the subject of women’s greater susceptibility, it’s just as well to remember that women go to doctors far more than men, for all kinds of ills: indeed, women’s greater incidence of mental ills just about equals their greater number of visits to the doctors. If men went to doctors as often as they go to the pub, it’s a fair guess that their unhappiness would be represented as depression or anxiety as well.

One of the many things that became clear to me as I was working on my book on the rise and rise of the mind-doctoring professions over the last 200 years, is that classifications of mental disorder are hardly absolutes. They are far more often constructs that mirror their time’s aspirations and ways of understanding. They may reflect subjective experience, but only insofar as we can prod and organise our inchoate inner lives to fit pre-existing psychiatric tick lists.

Useful tools for statisticians, the classifications are also useful to public health administrators, insurance companies, lobbying bodies, or pharmaceutical companies who need “homogeneous populations” on whom to carry out drug trials. But I remain to be convinced that these proliferating classifications help individuals find relief – except, of course, that momentary relief from giving an expert name to what may feel like an intractable set of problems.

Over the last 40 years the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – the bible of the psychiatric professions – has spawned more and more diagnostic categories, “inventing” disorders along the way and radically reducing the range of what can be construed as normal or sane. Meanwhile Big Pharma, feeding its appetite for profits and ours for drugs, has gained an ever greater hold over our mental and emotional lives, medicalising normality.

The more studies that come along to tell us about the rise in mental illness, the more we fit our problems and unhappiness into a category of mental disorder, developing symptoms to take to the doctor in search of a cure. Humans are suggestible creatures. And doctors like to help: they provide the pills Big Pharma recommends, though many must now know that research has shown placebos can work just as well and with fewer side effects.

If doctors – rather than politicians or teachers or priests or friends and family – are to be the guardians of our wellbeing, then doctors really should be provided with new kinds of “treatments”. Psycho- and group therapy could, of course, be rolled out, and not just of the 10-week variety: anything that builds up the individual’s inner resources and allows emotions to be reflected on can’t be bad.

But doctors could recommend group running for depression, proved to have far better effects than SSRIs. Reading groups, too, offer a definite lift. As for women, more free childcare, after-school clubs and husbands who take days off to go to the doctor with the kids (or sort out that drinking problem) would lift a depressed mood wonderfully. Then there’s poverty, terrible schools … could health systems take those on as well?

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Would Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn be diagnosed mentally ill and drugged?

Thursday, September 1st, 2011

Natural News – September 1, 2011

by Monica G. Young

Imagine if the beloved young characters in Mark Twain’s classic, “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,” lived today. Based on current psychiatric criteria, Tom and Huck could be designated mentally ill and prescribed mind-altering drugs. Quiet, listless and numb, their legendary adventures would be over.

Describing a day in school, Twain wrote: “The harder Tom tried to fasten his mind on his book, the more his ideas wandered.” His “heart ached to be free, or else to have something of interest to do to pass the dreary time.” That’s a text book so-called symptom of ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). A teacher today could refer him to a psychiatrist who would dope him with stimulants. Yet like any typical boy, Tom had no trouble focusing attention on something he found interesting – like finding a hidden treasure.

Tom’s friend Huckleberry might fare worse. An avowed non-conformist, a psychiatric checklist could tag him with ODD – oppositional defiant disorder. And having run away from an abusive father, Huck would land in the hands of Child Protective Services who would sedate him on psychoactive drugs subsidized by government funds.

Although no brain scan, blood test or x-ray had been done, the psych doctors would claim the boys’ mental illness stemmed from a neurobiological disorder involving chemical imbalances in the brain, probably hereditary.

Tom and Huck would likely experience insomnia, stomach aches, high blood pressure, stunted growth or some other “side” effects, and more drugs would be added to treat these. They would start feeling despondent and have mood swings, leading to probable depression or bipolar disorder diagnoses and more drug cocktails. The once spirited youths might end up as life-long pharmaceutical junkies.

Psychiatry revealed as an industry of fakers

Recently Harvard-trained psychiatrist Daniel Carlat exposed psychiatry as essentially a field of imposters. His book, “Unhinged; the Trouble with Psychiatry – a Doctor’s Revelations about a Profession in Crisis,” reads much like a confession – and rightly so.

Despite all their years in medical school, psychiatrists do not use any medical tests in diagnosing. Instead their labels are entirely subjective, opinionated and based upon a manual of disorders voted into existence by a psychiatric committee.

Yet these “experts” have transformed boyhood into “ADHD,” shyness into “social anxiety disorder” and menstrual discomfort into “premenstrual dysphoric disorder.” Some toddlers are labeled before given a chance to learn to talk.

Carlat states, “Psychiatrists have cordoned off the most painful versions of normal life, defined them as syndromes, and have given them medical-sounding names.” Yes, there are people who suffer from severe mental disturbances, but he says it’s “an illusion that we understand our patients when all we are doing is assigning them labels.”

Where is the science in all this? He writes, “While the scientific literature contains thousands of papers proposing neurobiological theories to explain PTSD [post traumatic stress disorder], depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and other psychiatric disorders, these theories remain unproven…” And he confides, “the shocking truth is that psychiatry has yet to develop a convincing explanation for the pathophysiology of any illness at all.”

In regards the chemical imbalance rant, Carlat says this is nothing more than a “convenient myth” so psychiatrists can appear authoritative and avoid looking ignorant with their patients.

This is an industry riveted to drugs, drugs and more drugs. Forget really listening to and understanding a patient’s troubles in life. Now it’s all about lucrative fifteen-minute monthly med checks – about as personal as Wendy’s drive-through.

Pharmaceutical industry influence has vast bearing on what medications psychiatrists use and how often. Carlat admits, “We have been seduced by the constant encouragement from drug companies to prescribe more medications…” Such seduction ranges from a drug rep bringing a doctor his favorite drink from Starbucks, to companies paying him up to a million or more to be their marketing mouthpiece.

Psycho-Pharma’s drug obsession diverts society’s attention off non-harmful solutions like teaching life skills, improving education, better nutrition and exercise, and addressing environmental factors.

In short, for all their diplomas, chic offices, puffed-up terminology and high fees, this is a field where greed and deception replace ethics and scientific methodology. Fortunately some like Daniel Carlat are blowing the whistle.

Most unforgivable is the dispensing of labels and drugs to millions of children. The leading gurus of this campaign have been psychiatrists deep in the pockets of Big Pharma, such as the exalted Dr. Joseph Biederman – flanked by an army of Pharma-paid “advocacy” groups.

Perhaps we should ourselves vote on labels to categorize such mentally-depraved individuals, such as conscience deficit hyper-lying disorder (CDHD) or better yet, false representation and underhandedness disorder (FRAUD).

Sources for this article include:

“The book, “Unhinged; the Trouble with Psychiatry – a Doctor’s Revelations about a Profession in Crisis,” by Daniel J. Carlat, M.D.

http://speedupsitstill.com/dangerou…

http://www.thefix.com/content/jj-su…

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A dissenting view: The myth of mental illness

Friday, August 5th, 2011

Online Opinion – August 5, 2011
by Robert Spillane

American psychiatrist Thomas Szasz argued that mental illness is a metaphor: minds can be sick only in the ways that jokes or economies can be sick. If there is no mental illness there can be no 'treatment' or 'cure' for it. Click image for more by Szasz

“No mental illness has, or ever will be, diagnosed on the basis of medical signs, for a simple reason. If people who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia are found to have a brain lesion, they are suffering from a brain illness, not a mental illness. The presence of a medical sign in people who have been labelled mentally ill proves that they are not suffering from a mental illness. Psychiatry is, therefore, that branch of medicine where diagnoses of ‘illnesses’ are made in the absence of objective evidence: they are based, not on what people have, but on what they do and say. And if they act in ways that annoy, upset or offend others, they may find themselves diagnosed as mentally ill and treated medically against their will.” – Robert Spillane

Government publications routinely announce that around 45% of Australians aged between 16 and 85 will experience a mental illness, while 20% will experience a mental illness in any given year. Australian businesses, we are told, lose over $6.5 billion each year by failing to provide early intervention and treatment for employees with mental health conditions. In 2006-7 there were 20.6 million mental health-related PBS/RPBS prescriptions which accounted for $670 million of benefits, or 10.8% of total expenditure.

Mental illness means, literally, an illness of the mind, as opposed to an illness of the brain. But can minds be ill? I argue that they cannot. Mental illness is, therefore, a myth. Since illness affects only the body and the ‘mind’ is not a bodily organ, the mind cannot be ill. ‘Mental illness’ is, therefore, an oxymoron.

In ‘The Myth of Mental Illness’, American psychiatrist Thomas Szasz argued that mental illness is a metaphor: minds can be sick only in the ways that jokes or economies can be sick. If there is no mental illness there can be no ‘treatment’ or ‘cure’ for it.

If, as many people believe, the mind is really a brain process, then mental illness is really brain illness a valid diagnosis of which must be based on objective medical signs, not on subjective communications or complaints. This is no mere semantic quibble since Australian law accepts the distinction between brain illness (e.g. multiple sclerosis) and mental illness (e.g. schizophrenia). People cannot be locked up in a hospital and treated against their will for multiple sclerosis. Similarly, people may be found not guilty of a serious crime because of their ‘paranoid schizophrenia’, but the same rules do not apply to people with brain tumours.

No mental illness has, or ever will be, diagnosed on the basis of medical signs, for a simple reason. If people who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia are found to have a brain lesion, they are suffering from a brain illness, not a mental illness. The presence of a medical sign in people who have been labelled mentally ill proves that they are not suffering from a mental illness. Psychiatry is, therefore, that branch of medicine where diagnoses of ‘illnesses’ are made in the absence of objective evidence: they are based, not on what people have, but on what they do and say. And if they act in ways that annoy, upset or offend others, they may find themselves diagnosed as mentally ill and treated medically against their will.

People change their behaviour with or without the intervention of psychiatrists or psychologists. Such intervention is nowadays called ‘treatment’ when, in some cases, it should be called ‘torture’. When these interventions produce acceptable changes in behaviour, they are called ‘cures’. The cure of mental illness, it is argued, produces a state of mental health which is universally regarded as desirable. But if mental illness is a myth, mental health is too.

Since the middle-1990s the term ‘mental health literacy’ has been used to describe people who endorse an illness ideology and so agree with biological psychiatrists who bemoan the public’s alleged ignorance. Many attempts to reduce prejudice against the ‘mentally ill’ have been based on the attempt to make the public think like biological psychiatrists. This approach is based on the assumption that if you are ill your behaviour is beyond your control and you cannot be held responsible for it. Psychologist, John Read, reports evidence from seventeen countries that reveals that citizens have steadfastly resisted this propaganda, preferring to attribute mental illness to problems in living. Biological psychiatrists, eagerly supported by pharmaceutical companies, have consistently tried to tell people that they are wrong. This ‘illness’ approach to de-stigmatisation ignores the impressive body of evidence that biological explanations actually fuel prejudice.

The authors of the psychiatric bible known as ‘The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’ (DSM-IV-TR) admit that ‘no definition adequately specifies precise boundaries for the concept of ‘mental disorder”. Faced with the undeniable fact that mental illnesses cannot be diagnosed on objective medical grounds, DSM IV nonetheless provides more than 350 examples including: academic disorder, ADHD, expressive language disorder, gambling, gender-identity disorder, mathematics disorder, neglect of child disorder, partner-relational disorder, phase of life disorder, rumination disorder, written expression disorder and premature ejaculation. It seems that when females climax quickly it is ‘sexy’, when males climax quickly it is a mental illness!

In English there are success verbs, like ‘discover’ – one cannot discover something that does not exist. ‘Invent’ is not a success word since one can invent something that does not exist. Brain illnesses are discovered, mental illnesses are invented.

http://www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=12427

To find out more about Dr. Thomas Szasz click here: http://www.cchrint.org/about-us/co-founder-dr-thomas-szasz/

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America conned: Psycho pharma drug pushing empire under fire

Tuesday, July 26th, 2011

NaturalNews – July 26, 2011

by Monica G. Young

"psychopharma is looking like an idea whose time has passed."

Is America truly stricken with widespread mental illness? Do tens of millions need mind-altering drugs? A recent flurry of media articles lead readers to a realization that Big Pharma and the “mental health” industry have deceived Americans on a grand scale.

The “New York Review of Books” two-part article by Dr. Marcia Angell, Senior Lecturer at Harvard Medical School and former Editor in Chief of The New England Journal of Medicine, summarizes it extremely well. She analyzes three books by authors Irving Kirsch, Robert Whitaker, and Daniel Carlat. Each deconstructs the apparent mental illness epidemic and theory that mental disorders stem from brain chemical  imbalances which can be corrected by drugs.

Dr. Angell’s review has sparked a host of other journalists to applaud her and fuel the fire. An article in Forbes even concludes, “psychopharma is looking like an idea whose time has passed.”

As an overview:

Ten percent of Americans over age six take antidepressants. Antipsychotic drugs, once reserved for schizophrenics, have become the top-selling class of drugs in the US, with over $14 billion in sales in 2009. ADHD, bipolar and autism diagnoses have exploded in the past two decades with at least 5 million US kids now on psychiatric drugs.  Ten percent of boys take drugs for ADHD. Half a million kids take antipsychotics, including preschoolers.

The chemical imbalance theory rose to fame when Prozac hit the market in 1987, accompanied by massive hype that it corrected a chemical deficiency in the brain. In the years that followed, the number of people prescribed drugs for mental illness skyrocketed. Today, “treatment” for mental disorders is synonymous with psychoactive (mind-altering) drugs.

Tracing the origin of this theory shows it wasn’t that chemical imbalances were discovered in the mentally ill and then drugs were devised to correct the imbalance. Instead, drugs created for other purposes were incidentally found to also affect brain chemicals and blunt mental symptoms. Drug companies, hungry for new markets, and   psychiatry, eager to build stature in the medical arena, leapt on this. They conducted a vast campaign to popularize chemical imbalances as the cause of mental disturbance and push drugs as the answer.

As Dr. Angell writes, “instead of developing a drug to treat an abnormality, an abnormality was postulated to fit a drug.” “Or similarly,” she says, “one could argue that fevers are caused by too little aspirin.”

Many scientific studies disprove the chemical imbalance theory. After fifteen years of research, Irving Kirsch – psychologist and author of “The Emperor’s New Drugs” – concludes, “It now seems beyond question that the traditional account of depression as a chemical imbalance in the brain is simply wrong.” Research studies show psychoactive medications actually disrupt brain chemistry and causes the brain to function abnormally. This year prominent neuroscientist, Dr. Nancy Andreason, announced proof that antipsychotics shrink the brain.

Studies also demonstrate that long-term recovery rates are higher for nonmedicated patients. For instance, the World Health Organization conducted an investigation in fifteen cities around the world and out of 740 depressed individuals studied, those that weren’t on psychiatric drugs had the best long term outcomes.

In the pre-medication era, it was known that with time, people usually recovered from depression. If kids had tantrums, were unruly or shy, they were apt to outgrow it. Today, individuals branded with disorders are likely to receive long-lasting diagnoses, endless prescriptions and the poorer ones tend to remain on disability for life.

Big Pharma manipulation

Dr. Marcia Angell says the author of each of the three books agrees on “the disturbing extent to which the companies that sell psychoactive drugs – through various forms of marketing, both legal and illegal, and what many people would describe as bribery – have come to determine what constitutes a mental illness and how the disorders should be diagnosed and treated.”

According to IMS Health, an information and consulting company, pharmaceutical companies spent $6.1 billion in 2010 in marketing to US doctors. Another $4 billion was spent on direct-to-patient advertising.

Drug trials, used to bring a drug to market, are funded by drug companies, heavily biased and misleading. Companies may sponsor as many trials as they like until they have just two positive ones to submit to the FDA. Great care is taken to hide negative trials. The highly positive results of placebo trials are downplayed: a high percentage of patients recover on a fake drug (like a sugar pill) – proving that the more a person believes he will benefit from a treatment, the more likely he will experience a benefit.

In regards the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual – the psychiatric bible of mental disorders, used in prescribing drugs – Dr. Angell points out “in all of its editions, it has simply reflected the opinions of its writers.” The majority of the psychiatrists involved in creating the current edition had financial ties to drug companies.

Author Daniel Carlat points out that “psychiatrists consistently lead the pack of specialties when it comes to taking money from drug companies.”

Crime against humanity

And where has the “mental health” industry and “drug therapy” brought our nation?

As Americans line up at their local pharmacy, documented side effects are legion: weight gain, deadened emotions, diabetes, heart problems, liver damage, stunted growth in kids, shortened life spans and on and on. Those prescribed one psychoactive drug are commonly prescribed another to address side-effects, with many on daily cocktails of meds.

An estimated 2.2 million Americans are hospitalized each year for adverse drug reactions. Over 100,000 die from them.

Instead of decreasing, the number of adults on disability pay for mental illness has soared 250% since 1987 and for kids it’s a 35X increase.

The greatest  crime to humanity is the mass drugging of children. Yet it’s perpetrated within schools, doctors offices, foster homes and juvenile facilities daily.

There is good news. In the past few years, drug companies have faced a rise of multi-billion dollar class action suits. The key popularizer of childhood bipolar and antipsychotics for kids, Dr. Joseph Biederman, was publicly sanctioned by Harvard Medical School for failing to report $1.6 million he pocketed from drug companies. Some drugmakers are steering away from pursuing new psychoactive drugs.

Nazi chief propagandist Joseph Goebbels once said, “If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it.”

This chemical-imbalance/drug therapy lie has been told big enough and repeated enough, that much of America believes it. Isn’t it time we all put a stop to it?

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Mainstream psychiatry is failing – but there is another way

Monday, July 25th, 2011

Speak Out About Psychiatry wants to change the way mentally ill people are treated in the UK

The Guardian – July 25, 2011

I am sick of seeing friends who are seriously mentally distressed neglected and damaged by mainstream psychiatry. I am fed up hearing about people being detained, locked up and forced to take damaging medication before anyone has found out why they are distressed. I am angry about children being forced to take addictive psychoactive drugs by health professionals because no one could be bothered to work out why they are playing up. I met some others who wanted to change things and together we formed an organisation called Speak Out Against Psychiatry.

Speak Out Against Psychiatry is a group of service users, carers and advocates with direct experience of the psychiatric industry. We know that people who are mentally distressed need compassionate understanding and intense social support. We know that there have been many successful units around the world that have helped people resolve their problems with little or no medication. They have been relatively cheap and successful yet they are not being taken up in the UK. Why not?

Take Western Lapland, in Finland. There, the mental healthsystem is based on a method called Open Dialogue: lots of long conversations with family and friends. It has the best outcomes for first episode psychosis in the developed world. About 80% of participants are back at work or training within two years. Very little medication is used. These results should be the envy of the medical professional yet it is mainly ignored. Similarly, the Family Care Foundation in Gothenburg, Sweden, allows seriously disturbed people to live with rural families for a year or more. They get therapy and the family can regularly talk over how things are going. It gets people off medication, a frightening contrast with the standard treatment from the NHS.

Here, psychiatrists’ main activity is diagnosis, yet many people do not find this helpful. They find talking about their lives and their symptoms helpful. Yet talking about hearing voices or the unusual ideas expressed by people experiencing psychosis is discouraged by mainstream psychiatry.

Most people who are extremely distressed have experienced immense personal trauma. Two-thirds of people diagnosed with schizophrenia had experienced physical or sexual abuse. Most psychiatrists ignore the evidence and prefer to talk about unproven brain disorders and imbalances in neurotransmitters. So the causes of mental distress are not fed back into wider social policy.

Then there are the drugs. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has no scientific basis and concerns about the drug Ritalin, used to ‘treat’ it are well documented. There are other ways of helping children who are in conflict with their parents and teachers that do not use potentially addictive medication. Equally, the prescribing of major tranquillisers such as Haloperidol to elderly people in hospital and nursing homes can be dangerous yet is becoming standard practice instead of developing staff skills in dealing with people experiencing dementia. Meanwhile, anti-depressants may be no more effective than a placebo. The serotonin hypothesis of depressionis rubbish. It is a marketing ploy by drug companies. Anti-depressants are potentially addictive and sometimes dangerous, yet one in three women take them some time in their lives. On top of this, electroconvulsive therapy is still used yet there has been ample research showing its dangers and it is just about useless.

Speak Out Against Psychiatry is inviting people to come along at 4pm on Wednesday 27 July, outside the Royal College of Psychiatrists, Belgrave Square, London, to tell us about their experiences of the damaging treatment they have received. We want to hear your stories and we want the Royal College to hear them too.

After the Speak Out we are going to Hyde Park for a picnic and to discuss our next move. I repeat, all the evidence shows that mainstream psychiatry and psychiatric medication is a waste of public money. There are better ways of helping people who are mentally distressed and we need to start using them.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/mental-health

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According to Psycho/Pharma—1 In 66 Americans Is A Psycho

Wednesday, July 20th, 2011

Business Insider – July 20, 2011

by Robert Johnson

Image: wikipedia commons

Outselling even common drugs to treat high blood pressure and acid reflux, antipsychotic medications are the single top-selling prescription drug in the United States.

Once reserved for hard-core, One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest type of mental illnesses to treat hallucinations, delusions or major thought disorders; today, the drugs are handed out to unruly kids and absent minded elderly.

A recent story in Al Jazeera by James Ridgeway of Mother Jones illuminates the efforts by major pharmaceutical companies to get doctors prescribing medicines like Zyprexa, Seroquel, and Abilify to patients for whom the drugs were never intended.

Focusing on psychiatrists because they rely on subjective diagnoses, the drug reps have been so successful that they’ve changed the criteria for mental illness and disability payments. Ridgeway quotes former New England Journal of Medicine editor Marcia Angell.

“[T]he tally of those who are so disabled by mental disorders that they qualify for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) increased nearly two and a half times between 1987 and 2007 – from one in 184 Americans to one in seventy-six. For children, the rise is even more startling – a thirty-five-fold increase in the same two decades. Mental illness is now the leading cause of disability in children.” Under the tutelage of Big Pharma, we are “simply expanding the criteria for mental illness so that nearly everyone has one.” Fugh-Berman agrees: In the age of aggressive drug marketing, she says, “Psychiatric diagnoses have expanded to include many perfectly normal people.”

Particularly vulnerable because medication decisions are often out of their hands the old and the young suffer most.

For kids: the number diagnosed with bi-polar disorder rose 40-fold between 1994 and 2003 and one in five comes away from a psychiatrist with a prescription for an antipsychotic.

Dosing the elderly at nursing homes has become so common that sales reps have coined the term “five at five” — meaning 5 milligrams of Zyprexa at 5 pm to sedate difficult residents.

For all their nefarious wrangling, in 2009, Lily agreed to pay $1.4 billion, including a $515 million criminal fine. The largest ever in a health care case and the largest criminal fine on any corporation in the U.S.

That year, Lilly sold $1.8 billion of Zyprexa alone.

http://www.businessinsider.com/zyprexa-antipsycotics-top-selling-drugs-in-us-2011-7

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