Archive for September, 2010

$1,000 a Pop: How Forest Labs Bribed Doctors to Prescribe Antidepressants to Kids

Thursday, September 16th, 2010

BNET

By Jim Edwards | September 15, 2010

Forest Labs (FRX) appears to have initially underestimated how much it needed to pay the feds to go away: In 2009, the company said it had set aside $170 million in case it needed to settle a Department of Justice investigation of the kickbacks it paid in its marketing of Celexa and Lexapro, two antidepressants. Today, the company paid $313 million to wrap up the probes.

Forest’s management is used to lavish spending, however, as the whistleblower complaints behind the settlement allege.

The meat of Forest’s wrongdoing is that the company promoted Celexa for children even though the FDA had specifically rejected the drug for kids, and even though European data showed it was not useful in youths. The company did something similar with Lexapro — one pharmaceutical sales rep recommended crushing up Lexapro into apple sauce in order to make it more palatable to children.

Forest overcame resistance to the pediatric use of its antidepressants by bribing doctors with cash and gifts, the lawsuits alleged. Among the goodies Forest handed out were:

  • Tickets to St. Louis Cardinals games.
  • A $1,000 certificate to Alain Ducasse, one of the best (and most expensive) restaurants in New York, according to this suit.
  • A trip to see a George Carlin concert. (They’re antidepressants and he’s funny, geddit?).
  • $1,000 in cash to attend dinner at the Doral Park Country Club in Miami.
  • A trip to the Great Escape amusement park in New York.
  • Tickets to The Nutcracker at the Paper Mill Playhouse in Millburn, N.J., according to this suit.

The settlement, in which Forest pleads guilty to the accusations against it, also implies that one unnamed Forest executive lied to Congress in September 2004 — which is in itself a crime.

Read the rest of the article here: http://www.bnet.com/blog/drug-business/1000-a-pop-how-forest-labs-bribed-doctors-to-prescribe-antidepressants-to-kids/5753

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Drug Industry’s Boast of Ethics Rings Hollow

Thursday, September 16th, 2010

The Star Phoenix, September 16, 2010

by Mark Lemstra

Russell Williams, president of Canada’s Pharmaceutical Companies, recently wrote an opinion piece criticizing a series of articles that I wrote on antidepressants. His article was headlined: “Drug industry ethical standards high.”

Curiously, Williams did not address my concern that a review from the United States Food and Drug Administration found that antidepressants not only have no benefit in children, but are associated with a 50 per cent increase in suicidal behaviour.

Regrettably, these negative results were buried by the drug companies. In an editorial in the Canadian Medical Association Journal, titled Drug Company Experts Advised Staff to Withhold Data about SSRI Use in Children, and a separate editorial in The Lancet, titled Depressing Research, the authors express regret that drug companies put profits ahead of preventing suicides among children.

I fail to see the high ethical standards in these actions. In fact, it would be easy to list all of the unethical activity by pharmaceutical companies, but this would take a whole book. Instead, let’s discuss one specific example in detail.

Read more: http://www.thestarphoenix.com/health/Drug+industry+boast+ethics+rings+hollow/3532133/story.html#ixzz0zi3tRIIc

http://www.thestarphoenix.com/health/Drug+industry+boast+ethics+rings+hollow/3532133/story.html

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Hundreds of U.S. Pilots Treated for Drug Abuse and Psychiatric Disorders, Review Finds

Wednesday, September 15th, 2010

Note From CCHR: If the fact that commercial airline pilots are now allowed to fly while under the influence on antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs doesn’t send off any alarm bells, then perhaps you should take two minutes and try this— go to this link http://www.cchrint.org/psychdrugdangers/drug_warnings.php and in the Search box (with the red text) simply type in the word suicide and scroll down the page to quickly look over the results.   Then search  aggression,  hallucinations, violence and psychosis.   By reversing their previous ruling and now allowing commercial airline pilots to fly under the influence of these drugs, the FAA is playing a game of Russian Roulette with all of us.

FoxNews.com

Published September 15, 2010

By Jessica Heslam

Boston Herald

Hundreds of commercial and private U.S. pilots have been diagnosed and treated for a broad array of serious psychiatric and medical conditions, including schizophrenia, attempted suicide, sexual deviance, alcoholism and drug abuse, a Herald review has found.

The review comes in the wake of a chilling episode at Logan International Airport four months ago involving a distraught JetBlue [JBLU] pilot who threatened to “harm himself in spectacular fashion” an hour before takeoff – an incident that sent shudders through airline passengers across the country.

Medical record data from 2008, 2009 and 2010 provided by the Federal Aviation Administration under a public records request show:

– 15 pilots – including one from Massachusetts – have been treated for or diagnosed with schizophrenia.

– Another 292 pilots have attempted suicide, including five Bay Staters.

– 2,700 pilots have been treated for alcohol abuse, including 34 from Massachusetts, and another 1,253 have been diagnosed as alcoholics – including 20 Bay Staters.

– 1,377 pilots have been treated for drug abuse – 23 from Massachusetts – and another 94 for drug dependence.

Read the rest of this article here:  http://www.foxnews.com/us/2010/09/15/hundreds-pilots-treated-drug-abuse-psychiatric-disorders-review-finds/?test=latestnews

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Forest Labs will pay $313 mil to settle criminal &civil charges that it improperly marketed antidepressants for use in children & distributed unapproved thyroid drug

Wednesday, September 15th, 2010

The Wall Street Journal by Brent Kendall

WASHINGTON (Dow Jones)–Forest Laboratories Inc. (FRX) will pay $313 million to settle criminal and civil charges that it improperly marketed antidepressants for use in children and distributed an unapproved thyroid drug, the Justice Department announced Wednesday.

The New York-based drug maker had previously announced a settlement in principle with the department, and said in July that the full cost of the pact would be covered by a reserve it had created.

The department said a Forest Labs subsidiary, Forest Pharmaceuticals Inc., would plead guilty to a felony charge of obstruction of justice, and misdemeanor charges related to the distribution of the thyroid drug Levothroid, which at the time was an unapproved new drug, and the illegal promotion of the antidepressant Celexa for use in treating children and adolescents.

The settlement also covers civil charges that Forest improperly promoted Celexa and another antidepressant, Lexapro, for pediatric use, which had not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Forest’s improper promotion campaign took place from 1998 until at least 2005, the department alleged.

It alleged that Forest misled doctors and consumers by failing to disclose a European medical study that determined Celexa was ineffective for pediatric use.

The civil case included other allegations that Forest paid kickbacks to encourage doctors to prescribe the antidepressants.

The Food and Drug Administration approved Lexapro last year for use in adolescents 12-17 years of age. That approval came after the time period covered by the legal case.

On the Levothroid charges, prosecutors said Forest Pharmaceuticals began distributing the thyroid drug in the early 1990s without first obtaining FDA approval. They said the subsidiary made a deliberate decision to continue distributing the unapproved drug in quantities far beyond what the FDA allowed during a phase-down period.

Prosecutors also said the company submitted inaccurate information to the FDA in its new drug application for Levothroid and obstructed an FDA regulatory inspection.

“Forest Pharmaceuticals deliberately chose to pursue corporate profits over its obligations to the FDA and the American public,” Carmen Ortiz, the U.S. Attorney for Massachusetts, said in a statement.

Forest Chief Executive Howard Solomon said in a statement that the company was pleased to bring closure to the long-running investigation.

“We remain dedicated to ensuring that we operate in full compliance with all laws and regulations, and that our employees uphold the highest principles of integrity, honesty and ethics,” Solomon said.

While the Forest Pharmaceuticals subsidiary pleaded guilty to the criminal charges, Forest Labs said it denies the allegations being made in connection to the civil case.

As part of the settlement, Forest will pay a $150 million criminal fine and forfeit another $14 million in assets.

The company will pay roughly $149 million to settle the civil case.

It also entered into a five-year corporate integrity agreement that requires the drug maker to implement a compliance program and post information on its website about payments to doctors, such as honoraria, travel or lodging.

Lexapro is the company’s main money maker, with sales of $2.3 billion in fiscal year 2010.

Read the rest of the article here:  http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20100915-713619.html

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Prescription drug use widespread, dangerous

Tuesday, September 14th, 2010

Comment from CCHR:  Psycho/Pharma and the press will frequently cite the dangers of illicit use of  prescription drugs like Ritalin, Adderall or Concerta as “dangerous” or “risky” when taken by kids/students that don’t have “ADHD.”  This is a ludicrous statement for two reasons; The first is that the US DEA classifies Ritalin and other “ADHD drugs” as schedule ll drugs, meaning they have the highest potential for abuse, no matter who is taking them— whether someone has been diagnosed ADHD or not is irrelevant.    Secondly, the international warnings on these stimulants causing stunted growth, mania, future drug dependence, heart attack, stroke and sudden death also apply to anyone taking the drugs—again, regardless of  whether they’ve been diagnosed “ADHD” or not.   Considering there is no  verifiable medical condition of “ADHD”  or “ADD,”  and considering that the drugs therefore are not medically “correcting” any verifiable physical abnormality—children and students are simply being prescribed legal drugs that rival the side effects of street drugs.  Period.

RedandBlack.com

By Michael Prochaska, September 13, 2010

The abuse of prescription drugs is one of college campuses’ best kept secrets.

Pharmaceutical pills don’t require a wet towel under a door, open windows or even mellow neighbors. A single pop and it’s as if that pill had never existed.

With more than 50 million teenagers diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder, it’s a painless effort to find a friend who can supply.

Zak Vaudo, a junior from Marietta and former Adderall consumer, was one of those kids.

“Adderall definitely helped me focus,” said Vaudo, who was diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder at the age of eight. “It also did a bunch of things I wasn’t very fond of but it definitely helped me focus.”

Vaudo was on Adderall for eight years and although he was left unbothered by illegal drug users in high school, Vaudo said there would be a demand at the University if he still used Adderall.

“Given the number of people that I have become friends and acquaintances with at the University of Georgia, at least one of them would want to use it,” he said.

Brianna Riley, a senior public relations major from Marietta, witnessed first-hand the effects of abusing Adderall when her friends began taking it as a diet pill.

She said that when her friends were taking the drug, they behaved far differently than they normally did.

“When they are on it, they’re kind of cracked out — like they’re really hyper, and also they lose their appetite,” Riley said. “They wouldn’t eat for like a day.”

Though some students abuse Adderall in order to help them lose weight, other students may use the drug in order to help out with studying and academics.

“I’ve had a few friends who used them for studying,” said Philip Brettschneider, a fourth year anthropology major from Marietta. “They improve your memory.  They improve your concentration. It’s similar to drinking coffee beforehand — just a little more potent.”

Despite good intentions and beneficial results, Adderall is still dangerous and illegal without the authorization of a doctor.

“We know there has been this concept on campus in general on using Adderall, methamphetamine and all the drugs for ADHD,” said pharmacy professor Randall Tackett. “The students look at them as being pretty innocuous because everybody takes them. We’re concerned because the number one group of drugs being used is prescription drugs.”

Even though prescription drug abuse may be widespread, Tackett said it’s difficult to spot.

“The problem we’re seeing is that we have people that are abusing prescription drugs — they don’t make the paper as much because we see a lot of people that are borrowing medications from people,” he said.

University Police Chief Jimmy Williamson said the campus police do not categorize prescription drug abuse in their drug arrest records. Therefore, there are no available statistics on how many University students abuse pharmaceutical drugs.

A concern for students’ safety is one reason Tackett lectures on drug abuse. Drugs used to treat ADHD such as Ritalin contain ingredients used in crystal meth. They also significantly increase blood pressure and carry the risk of heart failure.

Kevin O’Brien, a graduate student in the department of psychology, was awoken one night several years ago by a friend frantically asking for help after her boyfriend had taken a large dosage of Adderall during a study session.

“He was at risk for heart failure because of [a] congenital birth defect,” he said.

Mike Friedline, a drug and alcohol counselor at the University Health Center, has more experience counseling students abusing Xanax and OxyContin, but said a number of patients admit to using Adderall for studying.

“It is very stressful to repeatedly put off studying until the last minute,” Friedline said. “So rather than relieving stress, non-prescription Adderall use just increases stress. Rather than enhancing performance, Adderall and other stimulants just enable sloppy performance. That’s hard to see when someone uses Adderall and then makes a good test grade, but they would learn more, retain more and feel less stress just by using better studying skills.”

Though health experts claim sleep and exercise to be fundamental in achieving good grades, a new company called PROFIDERALL has developed a drug and advertising campaign targeted at students.

http://www.redandblack.com/2010/09/13/prescription-drug-use-widespread-dangerous/

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A psychiatrist who believes in returning to fundamentals of self care & traditional forms of healing instead of drugs

Monday, September 13th, 2010

The Orange County Register
By Jane Glenn Haas
September 13, 2010

This sounds so – well, so “New Age:” Tough-looking ambulance drivers in central Gaza drawing images of their fears with crayons. Ten-year-olds encouraged to close their eyes and imagine a reassuring place. Women who have lost children to political violence dancing away tensions, their black abayas shaking and flowing.

The New York Times reports a classically trained but alternative-seeking American psychiatrist has taught nearly 10,000 people techniques to reduce anger, ease family tensions and give them a sense of control in an environment known for helplessness.

Dr. James S. Gordon, a clinical professor at Georgetown Medical School, graduate of Harvard Medical School, onetime chairman of the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy is the professional showing up. He’s a rare American – also a Jew – visiting Gaza since 2002.

Q. Is there something unique about the New Age treatments you are offering in Gaza?

A. I don’t call it a New Age sensitivity. I call it a return to fundamental self care. Traditional forms of healing. These are fundamental and should be available to everyone.

The problem is the medical establishment. This goes against the grain of what is taught in medical schools and threatens their authority and the income of the drug companies. We have a system that essentially says even in the most basic matters of care, doctors and medicine knows best and that’s simply not true.

Western medicine is wonderful. Antibiotics are miracles. But we tend to hope for the same kind of miracles for psychological conditions. The alternative is going back to basics and learning how to take better care of one’s self.

Q. You say the treatments are free and can help the entire family, not just the individual being treated.

A. These are treatments for people under stress. They can then teach the techniques to their children and husbands.

Q. You’ve been studying and promoting acupuncture, other mind-over-body techniques for more than four decades. What’s amazing to me is that you have taken your techniques to hotbeds of stress like Bosnia, Kosovo, post-Katrina Louisiana. You are reporting significant reductions in stress, depression and hopelessness.

A. Yes, and we have just earned a Department of Defense grant to test the techniques with soldiers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan with post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression.

Read entire article here:  http://www.ocregister.com/articles/people-266220-gaza-techniques.html

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Sleeping Pills and Anxiety Medications May Increase Mortality Rate, Study Finds

Friday, September 10th, 2010

DrugWatch

September 10th, 2010

A recent 12-year Canadian study has found a possible link between medications used to treat anxiety or insomnia and an increased risk of death.

The study, published in the September issue of the Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, analyzed Statistics Canada’s National Population Health Survey and tracked the use of sedatives and insomnia medications in more than 14,000 Canadians between the ages of 18 and 102.

Researchers at the Laval University School of Psychology in Quebec discovered a 36 percent increase in mortality rates in participants who used insomnia or anxiety medications at least once a month during the 12-year period.

“These medications aren’t candy, and taking them is far from harmless,” said researcher Geneviève Belleville, a professor at Laval University School of Psychology.

Participants reported their monthly use of anxiety medications such as Valium and insomnia medications such as Nytol, while researchers took into account other factors that could influence mortality rates, such as alcohol and tobacco use and physical activity.

Doctors hypothesize that the medications often affect a patient’s alertness, coordination, and judgment, leaving them vulnerable to accidents, falls, and even suicidal thoughts. The drugs could also worsen sleep apnea, or breathing problems during sleep, which could lead to premature death.

“Given that cognitive behavioral therapies have shown good results in treating insomnia and anxiety, doctors should systematically discuss such therapies with their patients as an option. Combining a pharmacological approach in the short term with psychological treatment is a promising strategy for reducing anxiety and promoting sleep,” said Belleville.

Additional information about drugs and drug side effects may be found on DrugWatch.com.

Read the article here:  http://www.drugwatch.com/news/2010/09/10/sleeping-pills-and-anxiety-medications-may-increase-mortality-rate-study-finds/

Note from CCHR: Antianxiety drugs such as Xanax, Ativan, Valium, Restoril (called benzodiazepines) are some of the most highly addictive psychiatric drugs being marketed to the public.  For international warnings/studies on antianxiety drugs visit our psychiatric drug database here http://www.cchrint.org/psychdrugdangers/drug_warnings.php

To see what doctors, pharmacists, health care providers and consumers have reported as side effects caused by these drugs, visit our FDA medwatch reports page here: http://www.cchrint.org/psychdrugdangers/medwatch_psych_drug_adverse_reactions.php

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Big Pharma’s Next Big Thing: Antipsychotic Medicines for Preschoolers

Thursday, September 9th, 2010

BNET

By Jim Edwards

Dr. Joan Luby, the preschool depression researcher at the center of a New York Times article that failed to mention her past research was funded by Johnson & Johnson (JNJ), Shire (SHPGY) and AstraZeneca (AZN), is currently testing the antipsychotic Risperdal on autistic children aged 30 months to 5 years old, according to the ClinicalTrials.gov database. Although the study is not funded by Janssen, the unit of J&J that makes Risperdal, it nonetheless typifies a new field of drug research: The use of mood-altering pharmaceuticals on the very, very young.

The NYT piece investigated the development of preschool depression as a diagnosis. Slate, like me, found it surprising that the author did not believe Big Pharma’s interest in the field was relevant. Minyanville thought the same thing. Such research is controversial. In November 2008, the FDA said antipsychotic drugs were over-used in children and that more should be done to discourage doctors from treating unruly kids with powerful drugs.

Luby — who also believes that certain antidepressants may be effective in children, according to this press release — is just one researcher looking at extending the use of antipsychotics to very young kids. Here’s a study on Lithium vs. Risperdal in kids aged 7 and up. And here’s a similar trial on kids aged 6 and up. GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) is currently testing Paxil on 7-year-olds despite that medicine’s well-document propensity to trigger suicides in young patients.

The reason the FDA has warned against use of these drugs in kids is twofold: First, many of these products are not approved for use in children. Risperdal — the product in the Luby study of 30-month olds — is only approved for use in autistic children older than 5; and for schizophrenics older than 13. Eli Lilly (LLY)’s competing antipsychotic Zyprexa is not indicated for anyone below the age of 13.

Read the rest of this article here http://www.bnet.com/blog/drug-business/big-pharma-8217s-next-big-thing-antipsychotic-medicines-for-preschoolers/5624?tag=content;drawer-container

To see what side effects doctors, pharmacists,  health care providers and consumers have reported to the US FDA regarding antipsychotics and antidepressants on children (including 0-1 year olds) search CCHR’s decrypted FDA Medwatch reports here http://www.cchrint.org/psychdrugdangers/medwatch_psych_drug_adverse_reactions.php

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MomLogic.com “Babies on Antipsychotics?…Why would anyone put a BABY on antipsychotic meds?!”

Thursday, September 9th, 2010

MomLogic.com
By Vivian Manning Schaffel
September 9, 2010

Last week, the New York Times ran a sad yet compelling story about a boy named Kyle, who at 18 months was put on antipsychotic drugs to quell severe temper tantrums.

By the time he was 3, the poor kid had been diagnosed with autism, bipolar disorder, hyperactivity, insomnia and “oppositional defiant disorder” (um, isn’t that a fancy phrase for “normal toddler behavior”?). He was on the antipsychotic Risperdal, the antidepressant Prozac, two sleeping medicines and a pill for attention-deficit disorder.

Did you read that?! Prozac! Sleeping pills!

The side effects had Kyle “drooling” and “overweight,” but his mom likened the worst side effect to a coma. “I didn’t have my son,” she said. “It’s like, you’d look into his eyes and you would just see blankness.”

Fast-forward to the present, and you meet a very different kid. Kyle is 6, in first grade and doing very well in school. He’s off the drugs (except for Vyvanese for ADD), and as it turns out, never should have been on all those drugs in the first place.

In fact, the article pointed out that more and more doctors are writing stronger scripts for younger and younger children, citing a 2009 Food and Drug Administration report which stated that over half a million children and adolescents in America are now taking antipsychotic drugs. Yet some doctors warn of the considerable developmental and physical risks these strong drugs pose to younger children, and say that research has not deemed these meds safe for this age group.

Another disturbing nugget of info: A Rutgers University study found that children from low-income families, like Kyle, are four times more likely to receive antipsychotic medicines than children whose parents are privately insured. Why? Because medicating these children is cheaper than asking them to participate in family therapy.

Read entire article here:  http://www.momlogic.com/2010/09/babies_on_antipsychotics.php

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Psychotropic Drugs, Our Children and Our Pill-Crazed Society

Wednesday, September 8th, 2010

The Huffington Post
By Dr. Ronald Ricker and Dr. Venus Nicolino
September 8, 2010

Today, the use of psychoactive drugs by children (6-17) is all too common, relied on far too much and growing at an alarming rate. It all started in the ’70s.

Memorialized in 1966 by the Rolling Stones’ “Mothers Little Helpers,” it was at that time that our society took the first steps at becoming “Pill Crazy.” Valium and Librium and Quaaludes were “Mother’s Little Helpers. The first drugs to enter the stage. If you couldn’t stand Johnny, your friends, your husband, in-laws, etc, tranquilizers smoothed you out, made you tranquil. Not surprisingly, in the 70s, the consumption of these tranquilizers, once discovered and available, skyrocketed. Anxiety was the popular diagnosis. Antidepressants were beginning to raise their heads as well. Their popularity at that time, however, was muted by the fact that they didn’t work well, and also sported many side effects, some of which were very annoying and occasionally dangerous. And, no one knew what was just around the corner.

Prozac

Prozac was first marketed in 1987. It was a totally new type of antidepressant, which seemed to work and had far less side effects. What had been a stream of tranquilizers became a tsunami of Prozac’s and tranquilizers. Other ‘Prozac’s’ entered the scene–Zoloft, Celexa, Paxil and Luvox, all vying to take part of Prozac’s market share. Promotion of these drugs by drug manufacturers exploded. Where there had been a surge in the diagnosis of anxiety, now the diagnosis of the decade was ‘depression.’ Housewives by the droves needed and demanded antidepressants and even more tranquilizers. If one was good, two must be better. The pill craze was on.

Diagnoses started to morph. The more the diagnoses, the more opportunities to sell drugs. Anxiety became anxiety neurosis, panic disorder, panic attacks, etc. ‘Depression,’ as a diagnosis, was of course and remains very popular. However, many patients don’t and didn’t like that diagnosis–perhaps it sounded too much like a disease. So a new depression explanation and diagnosis emerged–’chemical imbalance,’ which sounded more sheik and less like a disease and, of course, yielded more customers.

Not far behind ‘chemical imbalance’ came ‘mood disorder,’ a special type of depression, also called bipolar disorder. There are people who actually have a bipolar disorder and require numerous special medications for treatment. These medications, mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and second generation antipsychotics are far more dangerous medications than Prozac and tranquilizers. Further, there are also many people who are said to have ‘bipolar disorder’ who don’t. Often these patients are those who were said to be depressed yet don’t get better with standard antidepressants. They get all the special and dangerous medications (the number of which is multiplying geometrically) and have the additional advantage of being able to excuse pretty much anything they do as a result of their ‘mood disorder.’

This pretty well takes us through the ’90s. But here come our children. How did our children get sucked into all this? Our pill craze was and is a huge part. Parents and physicians often subscribe to this theory, that there is a pill for everything. Mommy says Johnnie is depressed, doctor agrees, Johnnie doesn’t. Guess who wins? Certainly not Johnny. Guess what Johnnie gets? A pill, usually an SSRI, which he may end up taking for a long time. Assuming Johnnie takes three years of SSRI therapy, his diagnosis is changed 25 percent of the time, usually to the much more serious diagnosis, bipolar disorder. His medications are changed to a much more serious and dangerous types. If Johnny takes an SSRI for six years the chances of his diagnosis changing to bipolar increases to 50 percent. So do his meds.

There’s yet another and newer mine field for Johnnie to negotiate, new in the last two decades. Let’s say Johnnie fidgets in his seat, doesn’t listen to the teacher, hates to read, and talks to his neighbor all the time. Guess what. Johnnie is diagnosed with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and given another serious type of drug, a stimulant–usually Ritalin or a form of speed (one example being Adderall). Did you know that Adderall is 100 percent speed? We know speed kills but give it to our children. Think about that. Speed kills and we give speed to our children, masked as Adderall.  Astounding.

Read entire article here:  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-ronald-ricker-and-dr-venus-nicolino/psychotropic-drugs-our-ch_b_680488.html

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